Abahanga bagaragazako u Rwanda na Kongo biri gutandaka ku buryo hagati yabyo hazacamo inyanja. Bizagenda gute? Bizaba mu myaka ingahe iri imbere ? Nitwa Mbarubukeye Etienne Peacemaker mbahaye ikaze muri iki cyegeranyo tugiye kurebera hamwe ibyo gutandukana hagati y’u Rwanda na Kongo

Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ibibera mu nda y’Isi wigisha amasomo abwerekeyeho muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Dr Digne Rwabuhungu avuga ko u Rwanda rurimo gutandukana na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), mu myaka myinshi iri imbere ibi bihugu bikazatandukanywa n’inyanja.

Dr Rwabuhungu yabitangarije kuri Radiyo Rwanda kuri uyu wa 25 Gicurasi 2021, mu kiganiro cyibandaga ku mitingito ya hato na hato ikomeje kwibasira u Rwanda na RDC, cyane cyane mu Karere ka Rubavu n’umujyi wa Goma, yakurikiye iruka ry’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo tariki ya 22 Gicurasi.

Yagize ati: “Umugabane wa Afurika urimo gucika. Hari igitare cya Somali kirimo gutandukana n’igitare gisigaye cya Afurika, u Rwanda na Congo turimo gutandukana, hagati hazavuka inyanja nyuma ya miliyoni y’imyaka”. Abahanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’ibibera mu nda y’Isi bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi, bemeza ko hari igihe kizagera, igice kimwe cy’umugabane wa Afurika kiri mu burasirazuba kikazatandukana na wo, gihinduke ikirwa; aho bizaba binashoboka ko cyazaba undi mugabane.

Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ibibera mu nda y’Isi wigisha amasomo abwerekeyeho muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Dr Digne Rwabuhungu avuga ko u Rwanda rurimo gutandukana na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), mu myaka myinshi iri imbere ibi bihugu bikazatandukanywa n’inyanja.

Dr Rwabuhungu yabitangarije kuri Radiyo Rwanda kuri uyu wa 25 Gicurasi 2021, mu kiganiro cyibandaga ku mitingito ya hato na hato ikomeje kwibasira u Rwanda na RDC, cyane cyane mu Karere ka Rubavu n’umujyi wa Goma, yakurikiye iruka ry’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo tariki ya 22 Gicurasi.

uma y’isaduka ry’aha hantu, abahanga barimo Dr Christophe Moore baciye amarenga ko “buhoro buhoro uyu mugabane uri gutandukana”.

Dr Moore mu nkuru ya NBC yo ku wa 16 Nyakanga 2020 yagize ati: “Aha ni ho hantu honyine ku Isi ushobora kubona ko umugabane ushobora gucikamo ibice”.

Mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwa Kenya naho hagaragaye ugusaduka gukomeye k’ubutaka mu 2018 kwatewe n’imitingito ya hato na hato, kwakomeje kwaguka na nyuma yaho, kwangiza umuhanda munini uhuza Nairobi na Narok. Ibyabereye muri Ethiopia, muri Kenya n’ahandi, birasa n’ibiri kubera mu Karere ka Rubavu, aho imihanda iri gucika, ibisate bigakomereza mu nyubako z’abaturage, n’ubwo ho bitari gufata intera ndende.

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko igice kizatandukana na Afurika bitewe n’imbaraga ziri mu nda y’Isi ari uguhera kuri Ethiopia, ukamanuka muri Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, u Rwanda, u Burundi, Tanzania kugera muri Mozambique.

Aho ni ho u Rwanda rwazatandukanira na RDC, yo izasigara ku mugabane wa Afurika, mu gihe ibi bihugu bindi bizaba bigize ikirwa, hagati hanyuremo inyanja y’Ubuhinde nk’uko bigaragara ku ikarita y’Isi.

Gusa kwitandukanya kw’iki gice cyose n’uyu mugabane, si ibintu bizaba mu gihe cya vuba. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Rochester yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika buvuga ko bizatwara imyaka iri hagati ya miliyoni 5 n’10 iri imbere.

Hari abantu banana n’ubumuga cyangwa babayeho mu buzima bugoranye bashaka ko amateka yabo ahindurwa abari ibicibwa bakaba ab’umumaro mu muryango. Hari abantu batizera ubushakashatsi ariko ibimenyetso bigenda byerekana neza ko ibyago bigenda birushaho kwiyongera kandi ibyo abashakashatsi bagaragaza bitinda bikaba. Urugero rwa hafi ni ibyabaye mu 2002. Mu kwezi kwa mbere mu 2002, amazuku yisutse hanze ya Nyiragongo atembera mu mujyi wa Goma no mu kiyaga cya Kivu, hapfuye abagera kuri 250, na Goma yangirika ku kigero cya 20%. Icyo gihe hakomeje ubushakashatsi bwerekana igihe ibyo byago bizongera kugarukira. Mu 2020 umuhanga witwa Prof Dario Tedesco wo muri iri tsinda akaba umuhanga mu by'ibirunga yari yaburiye abatuye Goma ko mu myaka ine hazabaho iruka rya Nyiragongo ariko mu gihe habaho umutingito ukabije ibyo byago byahita biba mbere ya ya myaka ine. Murabyibuka neza ibyarimo biba mu minsi ishize I Goma, byari kuzaba mu 2024 ariko kuberako haje imitingito byabaye mbere y’igihe. None se bivuzeko ya myaka miliyali yavuzwe u Rwanda rugatandukana na Kongo, ibice bimwe by’afurika bigatandukana nayo yazagabanuka bikaba mbere?

Plate tectonics ni ubuhanga busobanura ukuntu ibice bimwe bigize iyi si dutuye bishobora gutandukana nkuko byagiye bibaho mu myaka miliyali 3.5 ishize. Mu kinyejana cya 20 abahanga baricaye bakora inyigo basanga hari ibice birindwi bigize isi. Afurika, Antarctic, Eurasian, Indo-Australia, North Amerika, Pacific na South America.

Wakwibaza uti Plate tectonics ni iki?

Iki ni igice cy’inyuma kigize isi cyangwa se wanakita Lithospher. Iki kiba kiri ku kindi gice kitwa Asthenosphere. Kugeza ubu ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko nibura bishobora gutwara imyaka miliyali eshatu ibi bice navuze hejuru bigatandukana. Tectonic plate iba igizwe n’ibice bibiri, inyanja n’ubutaka. Igice cy’ubutaka kitwa Continental crust kigizwe n’ubwoko bwinshi bw’urutare. Ubushyuhe bwo mu nda y’isi nibwo buba nyirabayazana yo kuba habaho iruka cyangwa se ibice bimwe bigatandukana ubwabyo cyangwa se hakagatandukana uduce dutoya. Mu gutandukana kwa bya bice bigize isi bibarizwa mu nda yayo, nibyo bivamo kuvuka kw’imisozi, ibibaya, ibishanga n’ibirunga.

Umugabane w’Afurika uri kugenda uhinduka buri munsi ugereranyije n’imyaka miliyoni 250 mu gihe hariho umugane umwe. Mu myaka ibihumbi ishize isi yagiye ihura n’ubushyuhe bukabije igashonga ibice bimwe bigatandukana ari nabyo bikomeje kuba muri iyi minsi. Umugabane w’Afurika ugenda ucikamo ibice ari byo bizahindukamo inyanja.

Umugabane wose w’afurika ushobora kuzatandukana buri gice kikajya ukwako hakabaho ubutaka bushya butandukanywa n’inyanja. Mu myaka miliyoni yashize igice kigize amajyepfo y’amerika cyatandukanye n’uburengerazuba bw’afurika. Ubu ni imigabane ibiri itandukanye kandi ikagabanywa n’inyanja. Buri mwaka ubutaka butandukana ku kigero cya cm 0.6, icyokora hari hamwe hatandukana ku kigero kirenze izi sentimetero nibura ebyiri buri mwaka nko muri California. Uko hagenda habaho gutandukana kwa bimwe mu bice by’isi, hakabaho imitingito, isuri, n’imyuzure ni ko hagenda havuka imisozi mishya n’inyanja zitari zisanzwe zihari.

Uko ibice by’afurika bizatandukana

Hazatangira kwitandukanya ibihugu byo muri afurika y’iburasirazuba, Nubia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania n’amajyaruguru ya Sinai no mu burasirazuba bwa Aden. Ibice nibimara gutandukana umugabane w’afurika uzacikamo ibice havuke inyanja mu gishanga cya Rift Valley. Mu kugirango ibi bizagerweho ni uko ubu buri mwaka hagati ya 1-1.5 y’ubutaka igenda itandukana kur buri gihugu ikajya kwihuza n’ibindi bice. Abahanga muri siyansi bakomeje kwiga uburyo ibi bice bigenda bitandukana ku buryo inyigo zihari ubu zerekana ko Ethiopia izacikamo ibice igatandukanywa n’inyanja mu myaka miliyoni iri imbere. Gutandukana kwabayeho mu myaka yatambutse kwabyaye inyanja itukura, ikigobe cya Aden na Great Rift Valley.

Uko abahanga bapima niba ubutaka buri kugenda bwimuka

Muri Ethiopia mu 2005 hari igishanga cyatakaje kilometer 35. Ibi bipimwa hakoreshejwe satellite na GPS ku buryo bapima bakeraba niba hari ingano runaka y’ubutaka bugenda butandukana n’ubundi. Abakoresha GPS babasha kureba za milimetero z’ubutaka ziva ku misozi zijya mu bishanga n’iziva mu bishanga zijya mu Nyanja. Amashusho ya satellite afite ububasha bwo kureba ko isi igenda itakaza ikigero runaka cy’ubutaka buri mwaka. Icyokora birasaba imyaka itari mike kugirango ibishanga. N’ibibaya bihari bizakore inyanja.

Afurika ni hantu hasigaye ku mubumbe dutuye ushobora gukorera ubushakashatsi ukabasha kwibonera neza uburyo ibice bimwe bigenda bitandukana n’ibindi. Umuhanga witwa Christopher Moore yakoresheje satellite imyaka myinsi ari kwiga ukuntu ibirunga biri muri afurika y’iburasirazuba ari nyirabayazana yo gutandukanya ibihugu biyigize. Nibura bizafata imyaka miliyoni 5 kugeza kuri miliyoni 10, noneho Nubia, Somalia, bitandukane. Ibice bigize ibihugu by’abarabu mu myaka miliyoni 30 ishize byahoze biri muri Afurika, inyanja itukura yabayeho kubera bimwe mu bice byatandukanye. Inyigo ya kaminuza yitwa Rochester yerekana ko nta kabuza imyaka milyioni 10 iri imbere umugabane w’afurika uzacikamo ibice bibiri ugatandukanywa n’inyanja.

hagacamo inyanja? Harabura imyaka miliyoni 10 Afurika igacikamo ibice bibiri bikagabanywa n’inyanja.