Abadage ni bantu ki bateje intambara ebyiri z'isi yose?

Iki ni igice cya mbere kubiganiro tuzandika ku gihugu cy'u Budage. Tuzareba inkomoko y'igihugu cy'u Budage, ubuhangange bwacyo ndetse nuko baje guteza intambara ebyiri ziswe iz'isi .

Tuzasoza tureba ubuhangange bw'Abaturage b'Abadage mu isi y'ubu ndetse no muteka y'isi. Uyu munsi turahera ku nkomoko y'igihugu cy'U Budage n'Abadage.

U Budage n'igihugu giherereye mu Burengerazuba bw’u Burayi kikaba gifite ubuso bwa kirometero 357,588 km². U Budage bukaba buhana imbibi n’ibihugu bigera kumunani ibyo ni U Bufaransa,U Bubirigi, Poland,  Denmark, Czech Republic , Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg ndetse na  Netherlands.

                                Ikarita y'igihugu cy'u Budage 

U Budage bukora ku nyanja ya Baltic ndetse no ku nyanja y’amajyaruguru (Noth sea). U Budage kandi bufite imigezi izwi cyane nka Rhine, Rhur, Danube, Elbe ndetse n’indi myinshi cyane. Iki gihugu kikaba gifite umurwa mu kuru Berlin kandi kiba gifite imisozi y’akataraboneka ya Alps mu majyepfo.

                           Inkomoko y’igihugu cy’u Budage

Mu kinyagihumbi cya Gatandatu mbere ya Yezu, ubwo byari mbere y'uko abahinzi ba mbere bagaragara ku isi. Aha kandi hari hashize imyaka myinshi habaho abaturage mu Burayi bw’Uburengerazuba babaga mu mashyamba bahiga. Ubutaka bwabo bwitwaga “ubutaka bw’Abadage.”

Ahagana mu kinyejana cya kabiri mbere ya Yezu ubwo Abanyaburayi bari bategetswe n’Ubwami bwa Roma, ubwoko bw’Abatutoni( Teutons) bwo mu majyaruguru y’u Burayi bwayoboye abaturage baba “Celtic” bambuka umugezi wa Rhine berekeza mu gace kari gatuwe n’amoko y’Abadage.

                     Inkomoko y’amako y’Abadage

Mu binyejana byakurikiyeho, amoko y'Abadage nka:Alemanni, Burgundians, Franks, Lombards, Vandals, Ostrogoths,hamwe na Visigoths yagiye atera imbere buhorobuhoro mu gace kari hagati y’imigezi ya Rhine na Elbe mu Burengerazuba.Amwe muri aya moko y’Abadage niyo Abaromani bitaga abanyamusozi( barbarians), nyamara aba banyamusozi nibo baje gusenya Ubwami bwa Roma.

Amwe muri aya moko y’Abadage bagiye gutura mu Bwongereza (England), U Bufaransa (France), na Esipanye(spain). Iyi ni nayo nkomoko y’uko Ubwami hafi ya bwose mu Burayi bwayobowe n’Abadage kugeza n’ubu. Magingo aya bino bihugu Abami baho bafite inkomoko mu Badage.

                Imibanire y'Abadage n’Ubwami bwa Roma

Ubwoko bw’Abadage bwakomeje kunga ubumwe, bunashinga Ubwami bwari bukomeye n'ubwo bitabujije ko bujya munsi y’ikirango cya kagoma cyagaragazaga Ubwami bw’Abami bwa Roma bwayoboye isi yo muri ibyo bihe. Ubwami bw'Abaromani bwamaze ibinyejana bitandatu.

Nyuma y’uko Abaromani basuzuguraga Abadage babita Abanyamusozi, nyamara mu gihe cy’ubushorishori bwabo baje kwigira inama mbi biyemeza kujya kurwanya bumwe mu bwoko bw’Abadage bwari bwigumuye. 

                          Intambara yahuje Abadage n'Abaromani

Nyuma y'uko banze kumva inama bagiriwe zo kutekereza mu Budage, ingabo zirenga ibimbi 2500 zose zaje kwicwa n’Abadage. Uku gutsidwa kw’Abaromani kwaje no kubaviramo gusenyuka ku bwami bwabo bikozwe nabo bitaga abanyamusozi ari bo Badage.

           Ihangana ry'Abadage  na Kiliziya Gatorika 

Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 15 ubwo Uburayi bwose bwari ubwa gikirisitu. Nyamara Kiliziya icyo gihe niyo yicaga igakiza. Ahagana mu mwaka 1517, ni bwo mu Budage hadutse umugabo wari ugiye guhangana na Kiliziya Gatorika, akaba yari agiye kuzana idini rishya ry'Abaporotesitanti (Protestant). Uwo yari Martin Luther .

                        Martin Luther washinze Abaporotesitanti 

Martin Luther ubwo yatangiraga kuzana imyemerere mishya yari agiye kuba umwanzi wa mbere wa Kiliziya Gatorika kandi yari agiye guhangana na kiliziya yari ihagarariye IMANA mu isi. Uko guhangana byatumye havuka idini ry'Abaporotesitanti.

Mu gihe izo mpinduramatwara zari zaratangijwe na Martin Luther,mu mpere zizo mpinduramatwara hatangiye intambara mu Budage y’imyaka 30 guhera mu mwaka (1618–1648), byarangiye u Budage bucitsemo Leta zigera kuri 300.

          Zimwe mu ntandaro z’intambara z’isi zatewe n’Abadage

Ubwo u Budage bwacikagamo Leta zirenga 300 ndetse zikayoborwa n'Ubwami bunyuranye mu Burayi nk' Ubwami bw'Umufaransa Napoleon Bonaparte I yashinze hafi mu Burayi bwose.

Igihe cyarageze za Leta 300  zishaka kongera kwihuza ngo zibe igihugu kimwe cy'u Budage. mu mwaka 1871 nibwo Abadage baje kubigeraho mu byiswe kwiyunga kw’Abadage (Germany unification) bigizwemo uruhare n’umugabo w’intwari mu Badage “Otto Voni Bismarck.”

                                      Chancellor Otto von Bismarck

Uyu Bismarck ni nawe watumijeho inama y’Abanyaburayi mu mwaka (1884-1885) mu nama yari igamije kwigabanya ibihugu by’Afurika ngo bazaze kubikoroniza.

Uko kwihuza kw’Abadage mu mwaka 1871, biri no mu muzi w’intamabara ya mbere y’isi yose yatangiye mu mwaka (1918-1918). Mu mwaka 1871 Abadage babonye ubwigenge nyuma y'uko batsinze Abafaransa mu ntambara yiswe (Franco-Prussian war 1870-1871).

Iyi ntambara yarangiye Abaransa batakaje intara za Alsace na Lorraine. Izi ntara zakomeje kuba inzigo hagati y’Abaransa n’Abadage mu ntambara ebyeri z’isi.

                    Intambara ya Franco-Prussia war (1870-1871)

Guhera icyo gihe Abadage bakomeje kugenda berekana ubuhangange bwabo kandi bashaka no kugarura ubuhangange bw'abasekuruza babo bahoranye. Ibyo rero byatumye haduka uguhangana gukomeye hagati y’u Budage n’amahanga byatumye haduka intambara ebyeri ziswe iz’isi.

Nyuma y’uko intambara ya mbere y’isi yose ibaye mu mwaka (1914-1918) u Budage bwayoboye ibindi bihugu mukurwana. U Budage Byarangiye butsinzwe hamwe nabo bari bafatanyije. Nyuma yo gutsindwa bahawe ibihano biremereye cyane. Nyamara ibyo ntacyo byababwiye kuko nyuma y’imyaka 20 batangije indi ntambara.

Mu mwaka 1939 nibwo u Budage bwayoborwaga na Adolf Hitler, umwe mu basirikare bari baratsinzwe intambara ya mbere y’isi, ari ko akaba atari yaremeye ko batsinzwe, ko ahubwo bagambaniwe n’ubutegetsi bwabo basinye amasezerano yo gutsindwa. Hitler yatangije intambara ya kabiri y’isi kuri tariki ya 1 Nzeri 1939, ari ko nabwo baza gutsindwa mu mwaka 1945.

                    Ubudage nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi

Intambara ya kabiri yarangiye u Buduge buyitsinzwe, binarangira ababutsinze babugabanyijemo ibice bibiri. Aha kandi hubatswe urukuta mu mugi hagati wa Berlin utanduka ibyo bice bibiri.

                     Urukuta rwa Berlin (1961-1989)

Igice cy’Uburengerazuba byarangiye gifashwe n’Abanyemerika n’ibindi bihugu byari bifatanyije mu ntambara. Byanarangiye icyo gice kingendeye kumahame ya gikapitalite(capitalist).

Naho igice cy'Uburasirazuba cyafashwe n’Abasoviyete(Soviet) bagiteka kumahame ya gikominisite(communiste).

Aha mu Budage mu mugi wa Berlin ari nawo murwa mukuru, niho intambara y’ubutita yari igiye gutangirira hagati y’Abasoviyeti (Soviet) n’amahame yabo ya gikoministe(communist) bari bagiye kwesurana n'Abanyamerika n’amahame yabo ya gikapitalisite(capitalist).

Nyuma yuko intambara ya kabiri irangiye abatsinze u Budage, babwigirijeho nkana, bagera naho babucamo ibice bibiri. Ari ko u Budage bwongeye kwiyubaka burisuganya kugera ubwo bongeraga guhuza igice cy’Uburasirazuba n’Uburengerazuba ibyo bise Ubudage bwongeye kwihuza (Germany reunification) kuri tariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1990.

              U Budage nyuma y’umwaka w’i 1990

Nyuma y'uko intambara y’ubutita irangiye u Budage bwongeye kwihuza, bahita bihuta mu iterambera cyane mu mpande zose haba muri politike,ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ubukungu.

              bimwe bikururu ba mukerarugendo mu Budage 

Kuri ubu u Budage ni bwo bwa mbere mu bukungu mu Burayi bwose kandi buri no mu bihugu birindwi bikize ku isi (G7), bigatuma bugira uruhare runini mukuganisha ibintu byinshi mu isi aho bushaka. Iki gihugu kandi ni icya kabiri mu kugira abaturage beshyi mu Burayi na miliyoni 84.

Mu gice cya kabiri tuzakomeza tureba Ubuhangange bw'igihugu cy'u Budage kandi tunareba Abaturage baturaka mu Budage babaye ibikorenzwa mu isi.

IVOMO: Encyclopaedia Britannica 

 https://germanculture.com.ua/famous-germans/