Eswatini: Umwami arageraniwe aribaza niba ingoma ye igeze ku iherezo!
Abafite ibyuma bikurura amashusho ari kure bizwi nka televiziyo barabona inkuru ziri kwiganza ko ari iz’igaruka ku mwami Mswati wa gatatu umaze imyaka 35 ku ngoma yica agakiza. Buri mwaka agatumiza abakobwa beza b’amasugi agatoranyamo ubarusha uburanga agomba kurongora. We n’umuryango we bakaba mu buzima buhenze nyamara hari abaturage benshi biyicira isazi mu maso. Niba uri mu Rwanda reka nkutembereza gato mu bwami bwa Eswatini nkubarire inkuru y’ibiri kuhabera noneho uze kunyemerera tuze kwibaza niba igihe ari iki ngo ingoma y’ubwami igane ku iherezo muri Eswatini cyangwa se igifite agahe gato ko kuyoboza abanyagihugu inkoni y’icyuma. Nitwa Mbarubukeye Etienne Peacemaker kunyumva bintera akanyabugabo ko guhora ntekereza inkuru nabagezaho.
Ibitangazamakuru inkuru biri kugarukaho izibanza ku mpapuro z’imbere ni imyigaragambyo muri Eswatini, hari n’izibaza niba umwami yaba yamaze guhunga ariko yaba cnn, Aljazeera, reuters, bbc, Jeune Afrique inkuru iri ku isonga ni ibiri kubera muri Eswatini. Yewe nubwo waza hano mu Rwanda ugafungura ibikorera kuri murandasi wasanga na Thechoicelive.com inkuru iguha ikaze ari ibiri kubera mu gihugu kidakora ku Nyanja, mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba hari Mozambique, mu majyepfo, uburengerazuba n’amajyaruguru tuhasanga Afurika yepfo. Iki gihugu cyatuwe kuva mu kinyejana cya 18 n’ubwoko bw’abaturage bitwa aba-swazis bavuga ururimi rwitwa swazi. Umwami mswati wa kabiri ni we wagihaye izina rya Swazi. Cyakolonijwe n’abangereza kibona ubwigenge ku ya 6 Nzeri mu 1968. Mu 2018 muri Mata nibwo icyari ubwami bwa Swaziland cyahindutse ubwami bwa Eswatini.
Iki nicyo gihugu rukumbi cyari gisigaye muri Afurika kiyobojwe inkoni y’icyuma mu buryo bw’ubwami busesuye. Monarchie absolue. Umwami mswati wa gatatu yimye ingoma mu 1986 kugeza ubu aracyategetse. Buri myaka itanu habaho amatora yo kugena abadepite n’abasenateri. Eswatini ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Eswatini ikorana ubucuruzi n’Amerika n’uburayi. Ibarizwa mu miryango irimo Comesa, ubumwe bw’Afurika, Commonwealth,Umuryango w’abibumbye na SADC. Abatuye iki gihugu bakamirwa n’ubuhinzi n’imirimo yo mu nganda. 26% bafite ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, ni abaturage babaho imyaka mike kuko babarirwa 58 nk’ikizere cyo kubaho. Benshi muri bo ni urubyiruko rufite imyaka 20. Amateka yerekana ko Eswatini yabayeho kuva muri age de meteau, cg se stone age mu myaka 200,000 ishize ariko ikaba yatangiye guturwa mu kinyejana cya 18. Abongereza bayikandagiyemo mu 1906 irabaryohera babanza gushaka kwanga kuyivamo kugeza mu 1968. Kuri km2 17,364, iki gihugu gituwe na miliyoni 1,160.
Reka dukore urugendo rwo mu mudoka tugere I Mbabane . ukoreshe ikinyabiziga cyo ku butaka wagenda km 3919.1 ukaba ukoresheje amasaha 12h30. Uramutse wishoboye ugafata rutema ikirere wakoresha hagati $170-360$ ukagenda amasaha 11h25’ mu km 2741. Icyokora nta rugendo ruhita rugerayo uvuye I Kigali kugera I M kuko bisaba kubanza guca mu bindi bihugu. Ugezeyo rero hari amahoteli meza asaga 15 nibura ku ijoro wakoresha $100 ku icumbi. Uko inzira ishushanyije ku mugenzi uvuye I Kigali, unyura I Johanesbourg muri Afurika y’epfo , ukaruhukira ku kibuga mpuzamahanga cya OR Tambo noneho ugafata iyerekeza I Mbabane.
Turuhukire hano muri uyu mujyi ahari kubera imyigaragambyo ishaka guhirika ku bwami Mswati wa gatatu umaze imyaka 35 yimye ingoma.
Kuva kuri uyu wa kabiri muri icyo gihugu hashyizweho ingamba zikarishye zirimo imikwabo yo gufunga abigaragambya.
Mu bwami bwa Eswatini yahoze yitwa Swaziland, ingoma zahinduye imirishyo ku buryo Leta yashyizeho isaha ya saa cyenda n’igice kuba ubucuruzi bwafunze noneho abaturage bagatangira gutaha mu ngo.
Abadashaka ubwami bwa Mswati wa gatatu wimye iyo ngoma mu 1986 bakamejeje mu myigaragambyo simusiga ishaka ko hajyaho repubulika. Imyaka 35 ayoboye ubwo bwami ariko rero kuri iyi nshuro ntibiza kumworohera kuko imyigaragambyo ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe. Inkuru zanditswe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanaga birimo kugaruka ku ngamba zashyizweho (curfew) zirimo gufunga ibikorwa byose by’ubucuruzi ku isaha ya saa cyenda n’igice z’igicamunzi abaturage bagataha mu rwego rwo guhosha imiyigaragambyo. Saa kumi n’imwe za mu gitondo niyo saha yo gufungura ubucuruzi.
Kuki bigaragambya?
Abiyita ko baharanira ubwisanzure na demokarasi barashaka ko ingoma y’ubwami ijya ku iherezo hakajyaho repubulika iyobowe na perezida. Ibi rero biraza gushyira ku iherezo ubwami bwari bumaze imyaka ibarirwa mu binyejana bibiri kuko bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19 none ubu turi mu cya 21. Ikindi bifuza ko amashyaka yose yakwemererwa mu gihugu, ibi bikaba bihabanye n’ibyari bisanzwe.
Hari amashusho akomeje gucicikana y’abaturage bigaragambya batwika amapine, bagafunga imihanda yo mu mujyi wa Manzini no muri Matsapha. Minisitiri w’intebe yagize ati:’’iyi myigaragambyo mubona irimo abagizi ba nabi, ntabwo tuza kubyihanganira’’.
Ubucuruzi bwategetswe gufungwa saa cyenda n’igice ikaba saa saba n’igice ku isaha mpuzamahanga ya GMT. Abataurage bategetswe kuba bari mu rugo saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za mu gitondo nibwo bemerewe gusohoka mu mazu yabo. Amashuri yose yafunzwe kandi ntibazi igihe azongera gufungurirwa. Umwami Mswati wa gatatu aho ari ari gukurikirana ibiri kumubaho bikamuyobera kuko yari aziko azakomeza kuryoherwa n’ingoma kugeza wenda atabarutse. Hari zimwe muri raporo zimushinja guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu no gutwaza inkoni y’icyuma. Na we reba umuryango we ugizwe n’abagore 15 bibereyeho mu buzima buhenze nyamara hari miliyoni irenga imwe y’abaturage biyicira isazi mu maso babona icyo kurya bagashima Imana. Mu 1973 amashyaka yose yaraciwe mu gihugu. Kandi ntiyemerewe guharanira imyanya mu nteko ishingamategeko. Iyi turufu ishobora kuza gutiza umurindi ibihugu by’iburayi biba bishaka gutandukanya abanyafurika byitwaje amashyaka. Kugeza ubu itangazo ryatanzwe na Leta rihamya ko uyu mwami atigeze ahunda ahubwo ari mu gihugu. Rigira riti:’’Umwami Mswati wa gatatu ari mu gihugu kandi akomeje inshingano. Ni itangazo ryatanzwe na minisitiri w’intebe.
Amaherezo y’abigaragambya ni ayahe?
Icyo abigaragambya basaba ni impinduka mu mitegekere y’igihugu. Barifuza Leta yayobora mu nyungu z’abaturage bose. Uyu yitwa Sakhile Nxumalo ni we nkingi ya mwamba mu kwatsa umuriro muri iyi myigaragambyo kandi ayoboye urubyiruko rwateguye ya myigaragambyo turi kuganiraho. Ati:’’abaturage bakeneye ubuyobozi bushingiye kuri guverinoma, byumwihariko barashaka perezida kuko barambiwe ubwami’’. Uyu muyobozi yanakomeje agaruko ku buryo umuryango w’ibwami washutse mu kitwa kohereza abasirikare kurasa abigaragambya. Ndetse banarambiwe gukomeza kugokera umuryango umwe w’ibwami. Ati:’’Abaturage barambiwe gutunga umuryango w’ibwami bawuha amaturo, barambiwe gukomeza kumena amaraso akanywebwa n’ibwami gusa’’.
Ubu rero ubucuruzi bwo mu muryango w’I bwamu buri mazi abira.
Yaba amaduka cyangwa se inganda zifite aho zihuriye n’ibwami zigiye gutwikwa izindi bazisenye kuko badafite umutima wo gukomeza kwihanganira ako gasuzuguro.
Hari imiryango yatangiye gutabaza amahanga
Ibihugu 16 bigize SADC biri gutabazwa kuba byaza gukemura ibibazo biri muri Eswatini mu maguru mashya.
Imyigaragambyo yatangiye mu kwezi kwa gatanu
Buri wese aribaza impamvu nyamukuru yo kwigaragambya ariko nta kiba kidafite imvano. Umunyeshuri wiga amategeko witwa Thabani Nkomonye yarishwe noneho basanga umurambo we mu mujyi wa Manzani. Polisi yavuze ko yishwe n’impanuka nyamara hari amakuru yandi yavuguruzaga ayo agahamya ko wa munyeshuri yishwe na polisi.
Impamvu ingana ururo
Kuva ubwo abaturage bigabije imihanda abasobanukiwe imbugankoranyambaga batangiza hashtag bise#JusticeforThabani, bivuze ko bashakaga ubutabera bwa wa munyeshuri wagandaguwe. Banashaka ko polisi yaryozwa ubugome isanganywe burimo kurenganya rubanda izira ubusa. Leta ubwo yahagarikaga imyigaragambyo mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize ibintu byasubiye ibubisi. Abaturage barushaho kuba benshi mu mihanda.
Urubyiruko rurashaka akazi.
Iyi myigaragambyo ikindi kiri kuyitiza imirindi ni ubushomeri bwugarije urubyiruko. Hari abafite akazi muri Afurika yepfo ariko uko ukwezi kurangiye bategekwa kohereza make ku mushahara wabo ukaza gutunga umuryango w’ibwami. Hari abandi baturage banenga ibikorwaremezo biri kwangirika ntibisanwe, abandi bakanenga inzego z’ubuzima zijegajega ndetse na SIDA iri kumara abanyagihugu kandi bakayirinzwe. Ikibabaje bagaragaza ni uko imbangukiragutabara zitabasha kugera ku baturage kubera ko imihanda yangiritse cyane kandi nta bushake bwo kuyisana.
Ishusho y’ibiri kubera muri Eswatini nkuko byanditswe na AFP ibiro ntaramakuru by’abafaransa.
Mu mujyi witwa Matsapha abasirikare boherejwe mu mihanda guhangana n’akavuyo k’abigaragambya mu murwa mukuru wa Mbabane. Zimwe muri sosiyete z’itumanaho zirimo nka MTN zafunze imiyoboro y’itumanaho ndetse hari abadepite batawe muri yombi bazira gushyigikira imyigaragambyo.
