Abataliban basumbirije ingabo za Leta ziri gutabaza Amerika ikazumvira ubusa

Umutwe wa kiyisilamu urwanira muri Afghanistani watangaje ko wamaze kwigarurira imijyi itatu irimo Kunduz ituwe na 375,000 bikaba bifatwa nk’intsinzi kuri izo nyeshyamba.

Abatalibani batangije intambara imbere mu gihugu kuva mu 2016. Bagiye bakomwa mu nkokora n’ingabo za Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ariko kuva zatangira gukurayo ingabo izi nyeshyamba ziri gufata imijyi mikuru bikaba bishyira ku gitutu abasirikare ba Leta. Imijyi yafashwe ni: Kunduz, Sar-e-pol na Taloqan. Umujyi wa Kunduz ni wo munini ku buryo kuwigarurira bifatwa nk’intsinzi y’izo nyenshyamba. Intambara yatangiye mu kwezi kwa gatanu uyu mwaka aho barwana n’ingabo za Leta ariko zigenda zicika intege ku buryo igice kinini cya Afghanistan kiri mu biganza by’Abatalibani. Kunduz ni umujyi wa gatatu ufatwa nk’imijyi mikuru yo muri icyo gihugu. Izi nyeshyamba zimaze imyaka 20 zirwana ku buryo zishaka guhirika ubutegetsi zigashyira Leta igendera ku matwara akaze ya Kiyisilamu. Hari umwe mu barwanyi wabwiye CNN ko n’indi mijyi isigaye bazayifata vuba kuko ingabo za Leta zikikijwe n’izo nyeshyamba.

Mu mujyi wa Kunduz, minisitiri w’ingabo yasobanuye ko abakomando bari gukora ibishoboka byose bagasubiza inyuma izo nyeshyamba zishaka gufata radiyo na televiziyo biri muri uwo mujyi.

Ibitangazwa n’impande zombi biravuguruzanya

Abatalibani baravuga ko bigaruriye iyo mijyi ndetse n’abaturage baganiriye n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga babihamirije ko iyo mijyi iri kugenzurwa n’izo nyeshyamba. Nyamara Leta yo itangaza ko iri gukora ibishoboka byose igasubiza inyuma izo nyeshyamba. Abatalibani bamaze gufata ibinyabiziga by’abasirikare ba Leta, intwaro n’ibindi bikoresho byose by’abasirikare ba Leta. Imirwano yashyamiranyije ingabo za Leta n’abatalibani yaguyemo abasivile 11, naho 40 bayikomerekeramo. Iyi mibare yatangajwe na Dr. Ehsanullah Fazli uyobora urwego rw’ubuvuzi mu mujyi wa Kunduz.

Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika Joe Biden yagejejweho iyi ntambara ariko nta kintu arayivugaho

CNN ifite amakuru yizewe ko bwana Joe Biden yabwiwe ibiri kubera mu mujyi wa Kunduz ariko nta kintu aravuga. Ikinyamakuru ‘’The New York Times’’ cyanditse ko inzego zishinzwe umuteka muri Ambasade y’Amerika iri I Kabul ziri gukurikira uko intambara irushaho gufata intera ku buryo hashobora kuzagira igikorwa mu maguru mashya. Uyu mujyi wa Kunduz mu 2015, 2016 wari wafashwe n’abatalibani ariko ingabo za Leta ziwubohoza ku bufatanye n’ingabo z’Amerika.

Imrwano ya hato na hato

Umujyi wa Zaranj wegeranye neza na Iran n iwi wafashwe bugwate mu mizo ya mbere. Uba wigaruriwe n’abatalibani. Ibi byabaye ku wa gatanu tariki 6 Kanama uyu mwaka. Ni mu cyumweru dusoje. Intambara yarakomeje kuko ingabo za Leta zarushijeho gucika intege, biha umukoro inyeshyamba wo kumva ko abo bahanganye na bushobozi bwo kubatangira. Ku munsi wakurikiyeho hafashwe Sheberghan, uyu ni umurwa mukuru w’umujyi witwa Jawzjan ukaba uhana imbibe na Turkmenistan.

Ikiri gutiza abatalibani ingufu

Afghanistan iri kwibasirwa bikomeye n’inyeshyamba nyuma yuko Amerika na OTAN(NATO) byiyemeje gukurayo ingabo zafashaga Leta gutsinsura izo nyeshyamba. Ubu rero ubwoba ni bwinshi ko umurwa mukuru Kabul wajya mu minwe y’abataliban igihugu kikaba kirafashwe. Mu gihe Amerika yarimo ikurayo ingabo zayo, inyeshyamba zashatse kubarasaho ariko kuko abasirikare b’Amerika bafite intwaro karahabutaka zisumbije ubushobozi izabo babamishagiyeho ibisasu bakoresheje indege z’intambara basubira mu birindiro byabo. Iyi mirwano iri guhitana abasivili bitandukanye cyane n’ibiri mu masezerano y’amahoro yasinyiwe I Doha. Ni amasezerano abuza inyeshyamba kurasa ku baturage batitwaje intwaro mu kurengera ubuzima bwabo nubwo bitari kubahirizwa. Abari ku rutonde rwo kuraswa ni abanyamakuru, impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa muntu , abanyamategeko n’undi wese udashaka ko Afghanistan iyoborwa hashingiwe ku matwara akaze ya kiyisilamu. Uyu mubyeyi ari kumwe n’umwana we bigaragara ko akiri igitambambuga nubwo intambara itareba ikigero cy’imyaka. Muri Afghanistan abagore n’abana nibo bari kwicwa cyane bazira akarengane. Umunyamakuru wa France 24 mu ishami ry’amakuru y’icyongereza yasanze abagore bari mu bwihisho baraganira. Witegereje neza amashusho ubona ko ari abagore bihishe mu ishuri, bari kumwe n’abana babo bari gukina kuko ntibazi ikijya mbere.  Ati:’’Abatalibani baraje batangira kurasa hano mu cyaro dutuyemo, amatungo yanjye yazimiye sinzi aho yahungiye ubanza bayanyaze, kuko numvise amasasu ndahunga, umukobwa wange w’imyaka 7 yagiye namubuze, ntabwo nzi niba ari muzima cyangwa se bamwishe”.

I Kabul mu murwa mukuru wa Afghanistan, abatalibani barashe Dawa Khan Menapal, umuyobozi w’itangazamakuru muri icyo gihugu. Abo barwanyi bishe kandi Sayed Abad, uyu ni guverineri uyobora intara ya Maidan Wardak. Ni benshi mu bategetsi bakomeye bishwe mu cyumweru gishize nkuko yaba ibiro ntaramakuru by’abongereza Reuters byabitangaje.

Mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize ambasade ya Amerika I Kabul yabwiye abaturage bayo ko bakwiriye guhambira utwabo bagasubira muri Amerika kuko babona ibintu birushaho kuba bibi. Leta y’ubwongereza yaburiye abanyagihugu gutaha kuko bafite impungenge zishingiye ku ntambara babona ifata intera buri munsi. Mohammad Noor Rahmani umuyobozi mu ntara ya Sar-e-Pol yabwiye Reuters ko abataliban bamaze kwigabiza inyubako za Leta mu majyaruguru y’umurwa mukuru. Abayobozi bakoreraga muri izo nyubako bahungiye hafi y’ahari abasirikare ba Leta. Ni ukuvuga uvuye muri uyu mujyi wa Sar-e-Pol kugirango uhure n’umusirikare wa Leta birasaba kugenda ibirometero bibiri kuko basunitswe n’inyeshyamba. Abataliban banyuze kuri Twitter yabo bandika ko bamaze kwigarurira Taloqan, uyu ni umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Takhar. Hari umuturage witwa Zabihullah Hamidi wabwiye AFP ko we ubwe yiboneye abasirikare ba Leta bari mu modoka bahunga bava muri uwo mujyi wa Taloqan.

Baz Mohammed Nasir yabwiye France 24 ati:’’twasabye Leta ubufasha kuko nta basirikare bahagije bari bahari, yaba abasirikare n’abapolisi ntabari bahari kandi bimaze imyaka uyu mujyi nta ngabo za Leta ziturinda”.

Ubwoba ni bwose ku baturage bari mu mazu yabo bifungiranye kuko ntibazi niba basohotse abatalibani baborohera. Umujyi wose wa Kunduz uri kugendwamo n’izo nyeshyamba zidatinya kurasa abana n’ababyeyi bazira ubusa. Impamvu nyamukuru iri gutera iyicwa ry’abasivili ni uko abatalibani bari kwihisha mu mazu y’abaturage noneho imirwano ikaba ingabo za Leta zitazi ngo zirarasa he aho kutarasa ni he? Hari imibare yashyizwe hanze na minisiteri ishinzwe ingabo muri Afghanistan yerekana ko hari abarwanyi 54 bishwe na 23 b’abataliban bakomerekeye muri iyo mirwano. Taliban cyangwa se Taleban biyita umutwe ugendera ku mahame akazi ya kiyisilamu. Ni inyeshamba zirwanira imbere mu gihugu muri Afghanistan. Kuva mu 2016 izi nyeshyamba ziyoborwa na Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada. Watangijwe na Mohammed Omar afatanyije na Abdul Ghani Baradar mu 199 muri Nzeri. Amerika yasubije ingabo za Leta ko zikwiriye kwirwanirira zikisubiza iyo mijyi iri gufatwa bugwate n’abataliban, zitabibasha zikemera ikigarurirwa n’izo nyeshyamba. Ibi birashyira ku iherezo ababibazaga niba Amerika iri busubire kurwana n’izo nyeshyamba dore ko yahamaze imyaka 20 mu ntambara ikaba iherutse gukurayo abasirikare bayo. Joe Biden aherutse kuvuga ko bigishije bihagije ingabo na polisi ya Afghanistan ku buryo bakwiriye kwirwanirira. Ubundi ubwo Amerika yakuragayo ingabo byari byemerenyijwe ko habaho amasezerano y’amahoro ariko ntacyagezweho. Magingo aya muri Afghanistan hariyo abasirikare 650 b’Amerika. Guhera ku itariki ya mbere Gicurasi kugeza ku ya 30 Kamena uyu mwaka hari hamaze gupfa abaturage 2400. Aba ni benshi kuko kuva mu 2009 hatangira gukorwa ibarura ry’abagwa mu mirwano uwo mubare utari warigeze ubaho. Joe Biden yamaze amatsiko abibwira ko azisubira ku mugambi wo kohereza ingabo muri Afghanistan asobanura ko imyaka 20 ihagije ku buryo absirikare b’amerika bakwiriye kugaruka mu rugo bakaruhuka izo ntambara. Ubundi ingabo z’amerika zagombaga kuba zaravuye muri Afghanistan ku itariki 11 Nzeri uyu mwaka ariko babyigije imbere na babandi basigayeyo bangana na 650 bazataha ku ya 31 uku kwezi kwa munani 2021. Ikintu gishobora gutuma Joe Biden afata umwanzuro wo kwemerera abasirikare be bakarasa ku bataliban ni uko baba bigaruriye umujyi wa Kndahar ufatwa nk’umujyi wa kabiri munini muri icyo gihugu cyangwa se igihe cyose abataliban bazarasa kuri Kabul umurwa mukuru w’igihugu ari naho hubatse ambasade y’amerika ubu ikaba ifiteyo abakoze barenga 4000. Nta kabuza ikirere cya Afghanistan kizahinduka umuyonga kuko Amerika ntishobora kwemera ko umuturage wayo yicwa nkudafite umucunguzi. Ubu ubwo naherukaga kureba aho imirwano igeze, abatalibani bari bafite imijyi itanu: Taloquan uri mu majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba w’igihugu, Zaranj yegereye neza Iran, Sherberghan wegereye Turkmenistan wafashwe ku wa gatandatu. Kunduz wafashwe kuri iki cyumweru. Ni na wo mujyi utuwe n’abaturage benshi ugereranyije n’iyo ine yari yarafashwe. Birasa nkaho ingabo za Leta zamaze gucika intege zikaba zishyize ukwizera kwazo mu maboko y’amerika nyamara ntibitayeho kuko nta munyameruka uri kwicwa. Wenda nihagira umutarage w’amerika uraswaho ubwo igihugu kizaba gisa nkicyafashwe cyose nibwo bwana Biden azafata icyemezo akemera ko abasirikare bamishagira ibisasu ku batalibani. Gusa icyo gihe amazi azaba yararenze inkombe.

Kubera iki abatalin barwana? Kubera iki muri Afganistan hariyo ingabo z’Amerika? Ubundi se amaherezo ni ayahe?

Leta zunze z’Amerika zisinye amasezerana n’abataliban agamije gutsura amahoro mu myaka 18 ishize ariko yabaye amasigarabyicaro. Bahise banemeranya ko nibahagarika imirwano yaba Amerika n’ibihugu byari byaroherejeyo ingabo byibumbiye muri OTAN byagombaga kuzikurayo mu mezi 14. Ku itariki 11 Nzeri mu 2001, igitero cyagabwe kuri Amerika kishe abantu 3,000. Osama Bin Laden ni we wari uyoboye Al Qaeda. Abataliban, n’abandi bahezanguni b’ayisilamu nibo icyo gihe bayoboraga Afghanistan ndetse bakanikingira ikibaba Osama Bin Laden. Nyuma ku itariki 9 mu kwezi kwa 11 Amerika yarihoreye irasa kuri Afghanistan inayisaba kwemera gutanga icyo kihebe gikuru nyamara Afghanistan yarabihakanye iratsimbarara. Ibindi bihugu byahise byinjira mu ntambara. Abataliban bahise bikura mu ntambara ariko ntibagenda burundu bakomeza kwihisha imbere mu gihugu. Baje kwisuganya barongera bubura agatwe bakajya bashaka guhirika Leta y’Afghanistan. Amerika na Otan biyemeje kubarwanya mu rwego rwo kudakuraho Leta. Ijambo rya perezida George W Bush ku itariki 7 Ukwakira mu 2001 yavuze ko  nta muntu watumye Amerika kurwanira muri Afghanistan ariko bazabikora kandi bakagera ku ntego. Icyamuteye kuvuga gutyo ni uko Afghanistan yari yarabaye indiri z’imitwe yitwaje intwaro igendera ku matwara akaze ya kiyisilamu. Muri iyo myaka abatalibani bari bafite ubutegetsi kandi bashaka ko bakomeza kuyobora igihugu. Niho hari ibirindiro bya Al Qaeda yitorezaho.

Nyuma y’imyaka 20 biragoye kwemera ko umugambi wa Amerika wo kurwanya iterabwoba waba ugezweho ahubwo bishobora kureberwa mu ndorerwamo yo kuba bahaye rugari abataliban bakigarurira igihugu bitabagoye.

Mu 1996 Abataliban bigeze kwigarurira umurwa mukuru Kabul. Bayoboye igihugu mu myaka ibiri. Bahise bashyiraho Leta igendera ku matwara akaze ya kiyisilamu. Amerika yiyemeje kuyirwanya ifatanyije n’ibihugu bindi byibumbiye muri OTAN, bayica intege irasenyuka ihungira muri Pakistan. Nguko uko ubutegetsi bw’abatalibani bwasenyutse. Mu 2004 hagiyeho ubutegetsi bushyigikiwe na Amerika. Muri icyo gihe abataliban barimo biga neza ikibuga banisuganya bakora ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge, bacuruza amabuye y’agaciro bigwizaho ibikoresho by’intambara byose bakabikora bashaka kuzongera kwifatira ubutegetsi bamazeho imyaka 2 bakabwirukanwaho. Baje kwiga amayeri yo kujya bagaba ibitero by’ubwiyahuzi. Inkuru nziza yaje mu matwi y’abataliban mu 2014 ubwo ingabo za OTAN ziyemezaga kuva muri icyo gihugu zigaharira abasirikare na polisi bya Leta bikirwanirira.

Abataliban batangiye kwigabiza ibice bigize 70% bya Afghanistan noneho bitangira kugaba ibitero kuri Leta. Abataliban bahoze muri Afghanistan na mbere yuko Amerika iza muri icyo gihugu. Mu 1979 nyuma ya Coup d’Etat, ingabo z’abasoviyete zinjiye muri Afghanistan zije gufasha Leta ya gikominisite habaye intambara ikomeye kuko yahise ihuruza ibindi bihugu birimo Amerika, Pakistan, China, Arabia Saudi n’ibindi bihugu. Mu 1989 za ngabo z’abasoviyete zavuye muri icyo gihugu ariko intambara ya gisivile yarakomeje. Ubundi ijambo Taliban risobanura umunyeshuri mu rurimi rw’igipashto. Muri iyo mirwano yabaga babaga bari kwiga uko bazatera igihugu bakigarurira ubutegetsi.

Bari bamenye neza ko bagomba guhera ku mipaka barwana bakabona kwinjira neza imbere mu gihugu. Mu 1994 barwanaga bavuga ko bari kwamagana Leta yabaswe na ruswa no kuzana umutekano mu gihugu. Intambara yitwaga Mujahideen. Ubundi abataliban babaga biganje mu mashuri ya kiyisilamu bagafashwa na Saudi Arabia.

Bashyizeho amategeko akarishye asaba abagabo gutereka ubwanwa abagore bakambara bagapfuka umubiri wose utabikoze akicwa. Abatalibani bakumiriye ibijyanye no kureba televiziyo, umuziki ugirwa umuziro, kureba filimi bihinduka amateka ndetse bahita bakuraho uburezi bw’abakobwa ahubwi bakiga imigenzo ya kiyisilamu. Muri icyo gihe abataliban bacumbikiraga ibyihebe bya Al Qaeda, byaje kuba inzigo Amerika itangira kubarwanya yivuye inyuma. Mu 2009 uwahoze ari perezida wa Amerika bwana Brack Obama yohereje ingabo ibihumbi 10 muri Afghanistan kurwanaya Abataliban ariko ntibyamaze imyaka myinshi.

Gutinda ku intambara yo muri Afghanistan bihuzwe no kuba ingabo z’amerika zararwanaga ariko nta mugambi uhamye zirwanira. Nta murongo mugari wo gutsinda abataliban cyangwa se kubaka Leta itajegajega. Kuba abataliban bari bafite ibirindiro muri Pakistan byagiye bibatiza umurindi nubwo Pakistan yakunze guhakana ko idafasha abataliban.

Abataliban binjiza miliyali $1.5 buri mwaka. Aya ava mu gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kuko Afghanistan ni cyo gihugu cya mbere gihinga opium, ikoreshwa mu kiyobyabwenge cya Heroin.

Heroin ni ikiyobyabwenge cyo mu bwoko gikorwa bwa opioid kikaba gikorwa muri morphine. Kigabanya ububabare, kikanakoreshwa kwa muganga nk’ikinya. Opium bihingwa mu bihugu birimo Mexico, Colombia na Afghanistan. Uko gikoreshwa habaho kwinukiriza ifu yacyo, kugitera mu maraso cyangwa se ushaka kuyobya ubwenge bwe akirangazaho gato akinywa nkuko banywa itabi risanzwe bityo ukaba uhuze igihe gito aho ubwenge bugarukiye ukongera gutekereza bisanzwe. Abahanga mu kwisindisha bavanga Heroin na Cocaine ukaba wamara iminsi utareguka aho waryamye.

Tugaruke gato ku hantu abataliban bakura ubutunzi bubafasha kurwana intembara z’urudaca. Twabonye ko Afghanistan ari co gihugu gihinga cya kiyobyabwenge kandi gihenze kurusha ibindi ku isi. Ahandi hantu bakura amadolali ni mu misoro baka abaturage banyura mu birindiro baba barafashe.

Bafite kandi ibigo by’itumanaho, ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro n’ingomero zitanga amashanyarazi. Ibigo by’ubucuruzi byo muri Pakistan na Iran bitera inkunga Abataliban. Perezida wa Aftghanistan witwa Ashraf Ghani mu 2019 yavuze ko kuva mu 2014 kugeza uwo mwaka abasirikare ba Leta basaga ibihumbi 45 bishwe n’izo nyeshyamba, abasaga 3500 bari abasirikare bo mu bihugu byaje gufasha Leta nabo barishwe barimo 2,300 b’abanyamerika bishwe. Abasivile bangana na 32,000 baguye muri iyo ntambara. Abarwanyi ba Abataliban basaga 42,000 nibo bivugwa ko bamaze kuyigwamo. Kuva mu 2001 kugeza ubu Amerika imaze gukoresha tiriyali $5.9 mu ntambara zo muri Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria na Pakistan. Kuva abasirikare ba Amerika bakurwa muri Afghanistan, inyeshyamba z’abataliban zatangiye kwigarurira imwe mu mijyi minini ku buryo hasigaye gufata umurwa mukuru bagahita batangaza intsinzi.